The Grid - An Educational Activity for Home or Classroom
Introduction | Activity | Vocabulary
Archaeologists make maps and lay a grid over the site before an excavation begins. This grid is a network of strings stretching over the ground surface that intersect each other at right angles. It is used to help in mapping the site. During the excavation, the archaeologists add to the map to show which portions of the site were excavated and where features and artifacts were discovered. In this way, an artifact's provenience or the exact place where it was uncovered is maintained.
The grid is established according to the cardinal directions or the points on a compass (north, south, east and west). The measurements are taken with surveying equipment such as a transit. A datum point, or point of reference, is established and then measurements are taken from it.
- Print out the artifact" list and grid.
- Label the directions North, South, East and Wes on the grid.
(The datum (*) is in the southeast corner of the site).- Draw pictures of the artifacts on the list in the squares indicated.
- Compare your answers to the finished grid on the answer page and see how you did!
Archaeology The scientific study of the human past through excavation and related research.
Archaeologist A person who specializes in the study of material remains of past human life and activities.
Artifact An object made or modified by people.
Datum A permanent point used as a standard from which to measure other points at a site both horizontally and vertically; usually a point marked on a United States Geological Survey map.
Excavation An archaeological dig.
Excavation Unit A section of the site designated for excavation, such as a one meter square.
Feature A distinct physical aspect of a site which is treated as a separate entity, for example, a trash pit or well. Each feature is recorded and analyzed separately (i.e., not grouping the artifacts with those found in surrounding soil layers.)
Grid System A network of strings stretching over the ground surface that intersect each other at right angles. It is used in establishing a horizontal control for mapping the site.
Provenience Specific location where an artifact or feature is found in the ground.
Transit A tool used to determine elevation and to map the site
